The US-based think tank Institute for the Study of War (ISW) says the Russian military command “likely assesses that Ukrainian forces will be unable to defend against current and future Russian offensive operations due to delays in or the permanent end of US military assistance.”
ISW says the current pattern of Russian offensive operations permits unit elements engaged in less intense efforts to rest and reconstitute. Meanwhile, other units, likely those more rested or recently reinforced, intensify operations in different directions. This strategy forces Ukrainian forces to spread their defensive resources thinly across the theater, creating exploitable vulnerabilities. Additionally, Russian forces are reportedly building operational and strategic reserves to sustain ongoing offenses in Ukraine, potentially in preparation for an expected spring-summer offensive.
ISW continues to assess that “these reserves are unlikely to be ready to act as a first-echelon penetration force or second-echelon exploitation force capable of conducting large-scale mechanized assaults in 2024 as long as Ukrainian forces have the wherewithal to resist them.”
Russian forces are likely to use these reserves to restaff or reinforce existing formations and continue their strategy of grinding, infantry-led assaults, occasionally bolstered by limited mechanized advances in chosen directions at critical times.
“If the United States does not resume providing aid to Ukraine and Ukrainian forces continue to lack essential artillery and air defense munitions in particular, however, even badly-trained and poorly-equipped Russian troops might be able to conduct successful offensive operations,” ISW concludes.
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