How the Ukrainian diaspora in Estonia helps fend off Russia’s hybrid war

How the Ukrainian diaspora in Estonia helps fend off Russia’s hybrid war


During the years after the Euromaidan Revolution, a powerful volunteer movement formed in Ukraine. Volunteers helped the army, the reform process, and fight against corruption, and took part in other important changes. However, there are volunteer movements not only within the country. The Ukrainian diaspora has also been very active during these years. Euromaidan Press found out how the life of Ukrainian community in Estonia has been affected by the war in Donbas and what drives Ukrainians in Estonia to help their motherland. For that, we talked to Volodymyr Palamar, the Head of the Association of Ukrainian organizations in Estonia.

Volodymyr Palamar, the Head of the Association of Ukrainian organizations in Estonia

There are 28,000 Ukrainians in Estonia. 4,000 out of them are citizens of Ukraine. The rest have other passports.

Ukrainian organizations on the map of Estonia

Palamar moved to Estonia to study after graduating from school in Ukraine. In Tallinn, he owns a business. As a volunteer, he promotes Ukrainian culture in Estonia. The Association he heads is the coordinating organization for Ukrainian communities in Estonia.

“We direct the activities of such organizations for maintaining the identity, the language, and the culture which already became a part of Estonian culture,” says Palamar.

Now he considers Estonia as his second motherland, as he spent the biggest part of his life there and it became the motherland for his children. Still, supporting Ukraine is among Plamar's priorities.

He took us to Ukrainian weekend school in Tallinn. It is full of Ukrainian symbols, children's works, cups, and medals won by the teams of Ukrainian kids at different kinds of competitions. He shows every corner in of the small premises with pride – takes paintings from the boxes, explains the maps and pictures on the walls.

There are other Ukrainian weekend schools in different cities of Estonia. The Association coordinates 6 of them. Children there learn the Ukrainian language and culture. There are also two classes with the optional learning of Ukrainian language in the state gymnasiums.

The Association receives some support from Estonian Ministry of Education – for the school’s retention, taxes, salaries for teachers and some materials.

Switching the focus after breakout of Donbas war

Just before the war in Ukraine broke out, the Ukrainian community in Estonia was working on establishing a monument to Taras Shevchenko, a 19th-century Ukrainian poet who is a symbol of Ukraine and its fight for independence.

“We found out that he was traveling from Saint-Petersburg to Stockholm, but became ill and was taken from the ship with a fever. He was treated in Tallinn and during this period started to write his famous poem Hamaliya. So there was an Embassy initiative to create a monument,” tells Palamar.

As Tallinn is a historical city it is not that easy to receive a permission for establishing a monument there. However, Ukrainian activists went through all the bureaucratic procedures. The plan was approved. A memorial stone has been taken from Ukraine and established on a crowded place in Tallinn.

The activists invited a Ukrainian artist to create the monument and started to collect money for it. The concept foresaw that there will be a shadow of Shevchenko in a boulder. The Head of the Association explains its meaning:

“The idea was that we are not invaders. It means that such a famous person of the world who was a Ukrainian, was in this country, left a shadow here, and went home.”

In the middle of the process, establishing the monument was stuck because of the lack of funds. The money collected by the activists went for work of a sculptor, the materials, and then for the soldiers at the front line of Ukraine, in particularly, for the volunteer battalions. That is how the events in Ukraine corrected the plans of the diaspora.

Another aspect of the life of Ukrainians in Estonia after the beginning of the war is that there is often misunderstanding between them and Russians, who make up about 25% of Estonian population. Talking about himself, Palamar says when he starts to describe what has happened in eastern Ukraine, some people understand him:

“I give examples of killings of innocent people, military hardware which was involved in this war, horrible traps for the Ukrainian army.” He stopped communicating with those who don’t understand.

Helping Ukraine

Palamar says that he tries to not dive deep into political events. In terms of helping Ukraine, he and his community friends chose the direction of medicine.

Palamar cooperates with Ukrainian initiatives, for example Estonian organization Vaba Ukraina. Also he told us about the initiative of Estonian Ministry of Defense and government on treating wounded. To date 64 wounded have been treated there.

Palamar and his colleagues care about those whom they sent help and try to find out where they are and what else they need.

Once, his friend visiting Kyiv told him that her media colleagues work in the warzone, but don’t have helmets. Ukrainians in Estonia collected helmets, wrote down their phone numbers on them, and sent them to Ukraine. The helmets were used by soldiers as well.

“One of them has ended up near Debalteseve, then in Donersk, and in some other places. The guys wanted to figure out where this helmet came from – nobody who wore it was even injured. So they called us. For us it was very emotional. We did not know whether we should cheer or to be sad.”

The most recent support for Ukraine from Estonian volunteers was a dentist chair for surgery - there are a lot of soldiers who come back from war with face injuries.

Palamar becomes modest when talking about their help, but says that not helping is not an option:

“We do not ask ourselves what the state should do for us. We ask what did I do for the state. It is easier to live when you do something, something good for someone. Also we understand that there are complicated processes of the state’s management, so we do not ask anything from the state.”

He also expresses his respect for all the other volunteers inside and outside Ukraine:

“I am not sure that other nations would do the same for their states. They took a heavy burden from the state and gave it an opportunity to reboot – to give an opportunity to its army and other institutions to become as they should be.”

Still, he has a small request:

“If somebody can help us with modern textbooks of the Ukrainian language, history, we will be very glad. As we understand that the language use changes. Another thing we need is banduras for our school band. So far, we can't afford it.”

From time to time, Volodymyr Palamar visits Ukraine. He is disappointed that people in the country are very into politics. However, he also emphasizes that the steps Ukraine made during the last 3 years are visible.


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    Economist Edward Lucas Attacks Russia's RT and Sputnik for "manufacturing lies" and those working there as "freaks and propagandists"

    Feature by BBC Monitoring on 9 February

    Russian state media have hit back strongly at British journalist Edward Lucas after he criticized them at the recent Munich Security Conference and suggested that journalists working for them should be ostracized. One top TV presenter went as far as to brand Lucas a "village idiot".

    At a panel discussion at the annual Munich Security Conference on 6 February, Lucas, a senior editor at The Economist and author of The New Cold War, accused the Kremlin's international media operations, RT (formerly known as Russia Today) and Sputnik (rebranded successor to the Voice of Russia) of "manufacturing lies".

    He said the people working for them were "freaks and propagandists", who should be the target of a campaign of ostracism, according to records of the discussion published by RT and Russian state news agency RIA Novosti.[1]

    "If anyone puts a CV on my desk and on that CV I see they worked for RT or Sputnik or one of these things, that CV is going into the bin," Lucas said. He added that people in the West were wrong to see working for the Kremlin's international media as a "first stage on the career ladder". "It's not, it's the last stage," he told the Munich conference.

    "Journalistic Joe McCarthy"

    Russian state media came back, all guns blazing, with Lucas even getting a whole slot to himself on state channel Rossiya 1's weekly current affairs news roundup Vesti Nedeli.[2]

    Outspoken host Dmitriy Kiselev, who is also director-general of Sputnik's parent company Rossiya Segodnya (which confusingly translates as Russia Today), hurled a whole fistful of epithets at Lucas – "odious British journalist", "hysterical Londoner" and even "village idiot" – while rubbishing his analysis of Russian politics and accusing The Economist of practising censorship.

    RT responded more primly, saying it was "absolutely outraged" by Lucas's "specious attacks", which, it said, were particularly "despicable" as several of its journalists were daily risking their lives to "report on stories nobody else dares to touch".[3]

    Sputnik also had Lucas in its sights, describing him in one article as a "journalistic Joe McCarthy" – a reference to the US senator who instigated a witch-hunt against Communist sympathizers in the 1950s.[4]

    Lucas himself appeared to revel in the backlash, responding to Kiselev in kind.

    "Better than a Pulitzer prize? i get prime-time abuse from vile Kremlin mouthpiece Kiselov," he tweeted.[5]

    He could also take comfort from the support of fellow Twitterati, who suggested he had got under RT's skin.

    US journalist Michael Weiss observed that Lucas had "figured out RT hacks' Achilles heel", while Times columnist Oliver Kamm said he had "badly wounded them".[6][7]

    Writer and Russia watcher Ben Judah also weighed in, saying Lucas had put the wind up RT. "Experts should refuse to appear on RT – or any other? disinformation channel", he added.[8]

    "Misinformation"

    RT and its supporters also entered the fray on Twitter.

    One of its contributors, Robert Bridge, accused Lucas of being "scared to hear another side of the story", while the channel itself suggested his attack on its journalists may have been provoked by recent criticism of The Economist on its show In The Now.[9][10]

    In The Now dismissed as "absurd" a claim by The Economist that Russian state TV "conceals" bad economic news from its viewers. It showed excerpts from top TV bulletins talking about the collapse of the rouble to prove the contrary. It also said that the story of the rouble's woes and the looming recession had been well covered in Russian newspapers. To suggest otherwise, it said, was to promote "misinformation".[11]

    It called its analysis of The Economist's coverage a "tutorial on how to write a propaganda article".

    But RT's criticism of The Economist was itself guilty of omission and distortion.

    For example, it made no mention of the fact that on the day in mid December when the rouble tumbled by some 10 per cent, Rossiya 1 main news had ignored this story altogether.

    Also, it illustrated its claim about the Russian press's economic coverage with screenshots not from leading newspapers but from news agencies and websites, one of them a little known business portal from the Volga republic of Tatarstan.

    The panel discussion at the Munich conference, which also featured NATO commander and US general Philip Breedlove and Norwegian Defence Minister Ine Eriksen Soreide, looked more broadly at the issue of hybrid warfare and the role played in it by different media organizations.

    According to a report by Judy Dempsey on the Carnegie Europe website, the participants said that one of the reasons why RT and its ilk have been able to make such an impact is the cutbacks at top Western international media, such as the BBC World Service and the Voice of America.[12]

    [1] http://rt.com/op-edge/230315-rt-responds-lucas-munich/

    [2] http://vesti7.ru/news?id=45745

    [3] See note 1

    [4] http://sputniknews.com/columnists/20150208/1017973545.html

    [5] https://twitter.com/edwardlucas/status/564531479263600642

    [6] https://twitter.com/michaeldweiss/status/564468359048486912

    [7] https://twitter.com/OliverKamm/status/564408994853572609

    [8] https://twitter.com/b_judah/status/564541740863193091

    [9] https://twitter.com/Robert_Bridge/status/564665181549391873

    [10] https://twitter.com/INTHENOWRT/status/564758039371472896

    [11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2H5X3WYm_3U

    [12] http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=58998

    Source: BBC Monitoring research 9 Feb 15

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