North Korean forces withdrew after suffering heavy losses due to poor coordination with Russians, the language barrier, and inadequate adaptation to modern warfare, despite being well-equipped with advanced weapons.
Pyongyang intensifies military support to Russia by delivering M1989 Koksan howitzers and M1991 rocket systems, while rotating troops after sustaining heavy casualties in combat against Ukrainians.
Budanov also confirmed that North Korea is expected to send troop reinforcements, including gunners and missileers, and supply 150 more KN-23s in 2025.