This year marks the 75th anniversary of the landings at D-Day and the beginning of the Liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany. As is custom on such an anniversary, world Leaders from the participating nations gathered in Normandy...
Hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers did not take Berlin because they died in battle against the Germans, but a large if yet unknown number failed to do so because they were shot by Soviet security agencies before they could make a...
Perhaps the only thing that outrages Russian defenders of Stalin more than the obvious parallels between his regime and Hitler’s is any reference to the alliance the two dictators formed in 1939 with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, one that...
No one should be confused by the calendar, Crimean Tatar commentator Ayder Muzhdabayev says. The coming year will be a reprise of the horrors of 1939 because Vladimir Putin will move to absorb Belarus, expand his war against Ukraine, and...
This 1941 photo documents a pile of ruins in the very center of Kyiv, which is now Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), on the corner of Institute and Khreshchatyk streets. The big ruined house is the “Ginzburg...
Historically, Ukraine is not exceptional, but it is “hyper typical” of major trends in the last 100 years, states Snyder. He points out three moments of the 20th century and reveals how they are connected to Ukrainian history:...
Sometimes the driest of statistics throw a harsher light on reality than any longer discussion. According to official statistics, during World War II, Soviet tribunals convicted more than 2.5 million Soviet citizens, condemned 472,000 for...
In the French village of Oradour (June 1944), Nazis murdered 642 inhabitants; in the Czech village of Lidice (June, 1943) – 320, in the Belarusian village of Khatyn (March 1943) – 149 (according to contemporary German data...
Instead, the Ukrainian independence struggle looks set to be airbrushed out of the Bolshevik spectacular, much as it has been for the past hundred years. Ukrainian history will remain the great unknown of the European narrative. This is...
For Moscow, the 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and its secret protocols which divided Eastern Europe between Hitler and Stalin remains far more important than many believe because it was the first time a major power recognized that the USSR...
– It was September (1932-Ed). I was sitting in the sleeping car of the Moscow-Kharkiv express train that was taking me to my new job. … In the daytime, the bleak, suffering land looked even more frightening than at night. At...
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